Journal: Breast Care

Article Title: Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation: A New Standard of Care?

doi: 10.1159/000506254

Figure Lengend Snippet: Randomized trials for APBI

Article Snippet: An overview of the existing randomized trials evaluating different APBI techniques is shown in Table . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 1 caption a7 Study Country n Technique Treatment FU, years IBTR % Adverse cosmesis, % Results (APBI) Polgár et al. [ 43 , 44 , 47 ] Hungary 258 IBT WBI (50 Gy in 25 fr) 10 5.1 37 Noninferior regarding IBTR; improved cosmesis APBI (36.4 Gy in 7 fr) 5.9 19 GEC-ESTRO trial [ 34 , 46 ] International 1,184 IBT WBI (50 Gy in 25 fr + 10-Gy boost) 5 0.92 9 No significant increase in IBTR; improved acute/ late toxicity and equal cosmesis APBI (32 Gy in 8 fr or 30.1 Gy in 7 fr [HDR] or 50 Gy in 0.6–0.8 Gy per pulse [PDR]) 1.44 8 Rodríguez et al. [ 53 ] Spain 102 EBRT WBI (48 Gy in 24 fr +/– 10-Gy boost) 5 0 25 No difference APBI (37.5 Gy in 10 fr) 0 25 IMPORT LOW trial [ 54 ] UK 2,016 EBRT WBI (40 Gy in 15 fr or 36 Gy in 15 fr and 40 Gy to the partial breast) 6 1.1 23 No increase in IBTR; improved cosmesis PBI (40 Gy in 15 fr) 0.5 22 Livi et al. [ 55 , 56 , 57 ] Italy 520 EBRT WBI (50 Gy in 25 fr + 10-Gy boost) 10 2.6 0.8 No increase in IBTR; improved acute/late toxicity and cosmesis APBI (30 Gy in 5 fr) 3.9 0 RAPID trial [ 58 , 59 , 60 ] International 2,135 EBRT WBI (50 Gy in 25 fr or 42.5 Gy in 16 fr) 8 2.8 18.4 No increase in IBTR; increased adverse cosmesis APBI (38.5 Gy in 10 fr) 3.0 26.2 IRMA trial [ 61 ] Italy 983 EBRT WBI (50 Gy in 25 fr +/– 10-Gy boost) 5 − 19 No difference in toxicity APBI (38.5 Gy in 10 fr) − 20 NSABP B-39/ RTOG 0413 trial [ 62 , 63 , 64 ] International 4,216 EBRT, IBT WBI (50 Gy in 25 fr + 10-Gy boost) 10 3.9 Decrease in recurrence-free interval rate; no difference in OS APBI (34–38.5 Gy in 10 fr) 4.6 − ELIOT trial [ 33 ] Italy 1,305 IORT WBI (50 Gy in 25 fr + 10-Gy boost) 5 0.4 − Increase in IBTR, likely due to insufficient patient selection; improved acute/late toxicity APBI (21 Gy to the 90% isodose) 4.4(1.7) − TARGIT-A trial [ 35 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ] International 3,451 IORT WBI (50 Gy in 25 fr +/– 10-Gy boost) 2.5 1.3 − Noninferior IBTR rate for the prepathology group; improved acute and equal late toxicity; equal cosmesis APBI (20 Gy to the 90% isodose) 3.3 − Open in a separate window APBI, accelerated partial breast irradiation; IBT, interstitial brachytherapy; fr, fractions; WBI, whole breast irradiation; PBI, partial breast irradiation; IBTR, ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence; FU, median follow–up; EBRT, external beam–based APBI; IORT, intraoperative radiation therapy; MRgRT, MR–guided radiotherapy; OS, overall survival; DFS, disease–free survival.

Techniques: Selection

Journal:

Article Title: Rapidly inactivating and non-inactivating calcium-activated potassium currents in frog saccular hair cells

doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00049.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Application of 100 nm IbTX eliminated both Itransient and Isteady in this hair cell (A), while in another hair cell 1 μm apamin had no effect (B). The right-hand panel in A shows the peak I–V relationship for this cell before (□) and during (•) IbTX application. The voltage protocol used to elicit these currents was the same as in Figs 2 and ​and6.6. The largest amplitude voltage reached (RS corrected) for each family of traces is indicated on the right. Recordings were made using the perforated-patch configuration and 10 mm 4-AP was present throughout. Note that the currents in A were elicited by 10 ms duration voltage steps while those in B are in response to 15 ms duration steps.

Article Snippet: Iberiotoxin (IbTX) was obtained from Bachem (King of Prussia, PA, USA) and apamin was obtained from Calbiochem (La Jolla, CA, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Distinct Roles of Kv1 and Kv3 Potassium Channels at the Calyx of Held Presynaptic Terminal

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-32-10445.2003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inward and outward currents remaining after 4-AP application. A, Currents evoked by the command pulses (bottom) in the presence of 4-AP (5 mm) (i), 4-AP and IbTX (200 nm) (ii), and 4-AP, IbTX, and CdCl2 (100 μm) (iii). The IbTX-sensitive outward currents (i-ii) and the Cd2+-sensitive inward Ca2+ currents (ii-iii) were obtained by subtraction. EGTA concentration in the presynaptic pipette solution was 0.2 mm in these experiments. B, The I-V relationships of IbTX-sensitive currents (circles) and Ca2+ currents (diamonds) with 0.2 mm (open symbols; n = 5) or 5 mm (filled symbols; n = 6) EGTA in presynaptic pipettes. The current amplitudes are normalized to the total IPK amplitude at +20 mV. C, The effect of TEA (1, 10, 30 mm) on the slow outward currents (iii) remaining in the presence of 4-AP, IbTX, and Cd2+. Sample traces (superimposed) are evoked by a depolarizing pulse to +20 mV. Data points in the I-V relationships are obtained from four experiments.

Article Snippet: Synthetic peptide toxins, iberiotoxin (IbTX), margatoxin (MgTX), DTX-I, and tityustoxin-Kα (TsTX) were purchased from the Peptide Institute (Osaka, Japan). fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 2. caption a7 Inward and outward currents remaining after 4-AP application.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Transferring